[Excerpt from author] The review discusses definitions of productivity, indicators of productivity and performance, and then identifies five main sub themes where there may be options in achieving increased productivity and performance of the existing stock of health workers:1. Being There: Addressing staff absence and leave entitlements 2. In the Right Place: Issues of geographical location 3. At the Right Time: Matching staffing with workload 4. Doing the Right Thing: Being more responsive to community/ client needs; Making best use of available skills and competencies 5. Doing Things Differently / Doing Different Things: Improved training, management, enhanced roles etc